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ANGOLA UNRAVELS

The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process
Portuguese Version


ABBREVIATIONS

I. SUMMARY

II. RECOMMENDATIONS
To the Angolan Government
To UNITA
To the Observing Troika (Portugal, Russia, and the United States) and the U.N.'s Committee of Friends for Angola (China, Côte D'Ivoire, France, Gabon, Russia, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, United Kingdom, United States, and Zimbabwe)
To the United Nations
To the Organization of African Unity (OAU)
To the Southern Africa Development Community (SADC)
To the European Union and Other Members of the International Community
To the International Diamond Companies and Dealers
To the International Oil Companies

III. BACKGROUND

IV. THE LUSAKA PEACE PROCESS
The Lusaka Protocol
Violations of the Lusaka Protocol in 1995 and 1996
Increasing Number of Violations in 1997
The Government of National Unity
State Administration
Tensions Rise
Return to War
Regional Adventures: Creating a Cordon-Sanitaire Around UNITA

V. UNDERMINING THE LUSAKA PEACE PROCESS
The Quartering and Reintegration Process
Government Quartering and Demobilization
Government and UNITA Restrictions on the U.N.
Planting of New Landmines
Banditry
Growth of Separatism

VI. ABUSES COMMITTED BY UNITA
International Law Governing the Crisis
Killings, Mutilation, Sexual Abuse, and Enslavement by UNITA
Other Human Rights Abuses

VII. ABUSES COMMITTED BY THE GOVERNMENT
Arbitrary Killings
Assault and Harassment of UNITA Supporters
Arrests After the Resumption of All-Out War
Forced Recruitment
Violations of the Laws of War
Government Propaganda and Human Rights Abuses

VIII. THE MEDIA
Press Censorship
UNITA and the Media
Government Harassment of UNITA's Journalists
Government Media Crackdown in 1999

IX. ARMS TRADE AND EMBARGO VIOLATIONS
Continued Weapons Flows to the Government
Troika Members
Non-Troika Members
Other Countries
Transparency in Arms Transfers
UNITA Procurement
Sanctions-Busting
Southern Africa
Other African Transit Routes
Fuel to UNITA
UNITA's Weapons Exports
The Trade and Embargo of Diamonds
Other Embargoes

X. THE UNITED NATIONS
Humanitarian Aid Corridors
U.N. Radio Station
U.N. Human Rights Monitoring

XI. ANGOLAN CIVIL SOCIETY AND HUMAN RIGHTS
Years of Repression
Human Rights and NGOs
Human Rights Advocacy
NGO Human Rights Activities
Challenges Facing NGOs
Role Of The Churches
The International Role

XII. INTERNATIONAL RESPONSE
United States
European Union, Norway, and Canada