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False Freedom
Online Censorship in the Middle East and North Africa
About this Report
Summary
Regional Overview..
Recommendations
Note on Methodology
Legal Standards Pertaining to Online Freedom of
Expression
Right to Freedom of Expression and Exchange of
Information
Right to Privacy
Anonymity and Encryption
Assigning Liability for Online Content
Internet Cafés
Egypt
Access to the Internet
The Internet and the Human Rights Movement
Internet Censorship Issues
Morality
Political Violence
Case Studies of Internet Repression
Shohdy Naguib Sorour
Ashraf Ibrahim...
The Muslim Brotherhood
Ahmad Haridi
Iman Badawi
Internet Cafés in Egypt
Blocking Web Sites
The Library of Alexandria
Entrapment
Legal Framework
Encryption
Conclusion
Iran
Access to the Internet
Legal Constraints on Free Expression
Encryption
Mechanisms of Internet Control
Detentions
The Group Detentions of August-October 2004
Sina Motalebi
Mojtaba Lotfi
Mohammad Reza Nasab Abdullahi
Mojtaba Saminejad
Arash Sigarchi
Censorship
Conclusion
Syria
Testing the Limits of Repression
Access to the Internet
Internet Cafés
Legal Framework
Emergency Law..
The Press Law..
The Supreme State Security Court
Detentions
The Political Joke
`Abd al-Rahman al-Shaghuri
Yahya al-Ous and the Qutaish Brothers
Mas`ud Hamid
Habib Salih
Censorship and Surveillance
Conclusion
Tunisia
Access to the Internet
Legal Framework
Internet Censorship101
The Tests102
Internet Cafés108
Surveillance109
Detentions109
Zoheir Yahiaoui109
Mohamed Abou110
The Youths of Zarzis and Ariana111
Abdallah Zouari113
Conclusion115
Appendix A.. 117
Appendix B: Government Responses119
Human Rights Watch Translation of the Egyptian
Government's Response122
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