Hostages of the Gatekeepers

Map 1: Somalia

Map 2: Districts of Mogadishu

Summary

Key Recommendations

To the Somali National Government

Methodology

Background

Developments in 2011 and 2012

Mogadishu during the Famine

Displacement as a Result of Famine

Governance in Mogadishu

Reliance on Gatekeepers

Clan Dynamics

Abuses against Internally Displaced People in Mogadishu

Sexual and Gender Based Violence

Mistreatment and Discrimination

Evictions

Diversion of Food Aid and Control over Resources

Looting, Diversion, and Misappropriation of Food Aid

Abuses Arising through Control over Shelter

Arbitrary Arrests and Reprisals against IDPs for Complaints

IDPs and Humanitarian Assistance under International Law

Government Response

The Transitional Federal Government

Response of the New Government

Donor Governments and Humanitarian Actors

The Diplomatic and Donor Community

The Humanitarian Community

Protection Activities

The Humanitarian Community’s Response to Gatekeepers

The Humanitarian Response to Aid Diversions

Accountability towards Beneficiaries and of Assistance

Recommendations

To Somalia’s National Government

Law Enforcement

Humanitarian Assistance

Human Rights Compliance

To the Somali Parliament and Council of Ministers

To the Governments of the United States, United Kingdom, and Turkey, and the European Union, the African Union, and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation

To the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), UNICEF, and other humanitarian agencies implementing protection activities, and the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator

To the UN Security Council

To the UN Secretary-General

To the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

To the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

To the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons

Acknowledgments