So Long as They Die

Lethal Injections in the United States

Summary

Recommendations

To State and Federal Corrections Agencies

To State Legislators and the U.S. Congress

I. Development of Lethal Injection Protocols

Oklahoma

Texas

Tennessee

Lethal Injection Machines

Public Access to Lethal Injection Protocols

II. Lethal Injection Drugs

Potassium Chloride

Pancuronium Bromide

Sodium Thiopental

The Failure to Review Protocols

III. Lethal Injection Procedures

Qualifications of Execution Team...

Checking the IV Equipment

Level of Anesthesia Not Monitored

IV. Physician Participation in Executions and Medical Ethics

V. Case Study: Morales v. Hickman

VI. Botched Executions

VII. International Human Rights and U.S. Constitutional Law..

International Human Rights Law..

U.S. Constitutional Law..

Appendix A: State Execution Methods

Acknowledgements