Fighting involving Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government (TFG) forces, allied militias and African Union forces against the Islamist al-Shabaab insurgents continues to affect much of southern Somalia. All sides have been responsible for laws of war violations, particularly indiscriminate shelling. Civilians have suffered the brunt of the fighting. Al-Shabaab has been responsible for summary executions, child recruitment and forced marriage in areas under their control. Government and allied militias have committed arbitrary arrest, summary executions and other grave human rights abuses against perceived al-Shabaab supporters. There have already been six journalists killed this year in government-controlled areas but the TFG has failed to investigate the killings.