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Impairing Education
Corporal Punishment of Students with Disabilities in US Public Schools
I. Summary
Corporal
Punishment of Students with Disabilities
Lasting
Injuries and Barriers to Education
Aggravating
Medical Conditions for Students with Disabilities
Punishment
for Disabilities
Disproportionality
and Lack of Information
Parents'
Inability to Protect Their Children
Best
Practices and Success Stories
II.
Recommendations
III.
Methodology
IV. Corporal
Punishment in US Public Schools
Paddling
Other
Physical Force Used Against Students
Students Hit
with Other Objects
Students
Spanked, Pinched, Grabbed and Bruised, or Beaten
Dragging,
Throwing, or Pulling Children
Children
Bruised or Injured During Restraint
Face-Down or
Prone Restraint
Other
Restraint
V. Corporal
Punishment by the Numbers
Disproportionately
High Rates of Corporal Punishment among Students with Disabilities
Undercounting
of Data on Corporal Punishment
Lack of
Information on Violence against Students with Disabilities
VI.
Behaviors Leading to Beatings
Misbehaviors
Leading to Corporal Punishment
Corporal
Punishment for Serious Offenses, including Violence
Punishment
for Consequences of Disability
Students
with Conditions on the Autism Spectrum
VII. Impact
of Corporal Punishment
Lasting
Injuries and Barriers to Education
Depression
and Anger
Academic
Disengagement and Drop-Out
Aggravation
of Condition
Students
with Conditions on the Autism Spectrum
VIII.
Parents' Inability to Protect Children
Lack of
Information
Struggles
with the School System
Impact on
Family Life
Guilt and
Resilience
IX. Best
Practices: Effective Discipline for Students with Disabilities
Positive
Behavior Interventions and Supports
Successful
Experiences with School Discipline
X. International
Human Rights Law Protecting Students with Disabilities
International
Human Rights Law
Freedom from
Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
The Right to
Freedom from Physical Violence
The Right to
an Inclusive Education
Non-Discrimination
and Equality
Parents'
Rights
The United
States and International Human Rights Law
US Law
Permitting Corporal Punishment
Incomplete
Protection under US Federal Law for Students with Disabilities
Immunity for
Educators
XI.
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
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