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"Political Shari'a"?
Human Rights and Islamic Law in Northern Nigeria
I.
Summary
II.
Recommendations
To Nigerian government and judicial authorities, at
federal and state levels
To foreign governments and intergovernmental organizations
III.
Background
Shari'a
IV.
The extension of Shari'a to criminal law in Nigeria
Shari'a courts and appeal procedures
The role of the "ulama"
Choice of courts
V.
Human rights violations under Shari'a in northern Nigeria
Use of the death penalty
Case study: Fatima Usman and Ahmadu Ibrahim (Niger State)
Death sentences in Bauchi State
Yunusa Chiyawa
Jibrin Babaji
Umar Tori
The execution of Sani Yakubu Rodi (Katsina State)
Attahiru Umaru (Kebbi State)
Sarimu Mohammed Baranda (Jigawa State)
Safiya Husseini (Sokoto State)
Amina Lawal (Katsina State)
Other adultery cases
Amputation sentences
Execution of amputation sentences in Zamfara State
Prolonged detention of defendants sentenced to amputation
Case example:Yahaya Kakale (Kebbi State)
Other cases and patterns of abuse
Police torture and forced confessions
Absence of legal representation and abuse of power by police and prosecution officials
Children sentenced to amputation
Floggings
Discrimination against women
VI.
Absence of legal representation
VII.
Training of judges
VIII.
The enforcement of Shari'a and the role of the hisbah
IX.
Freedom of conscience and religion, and the impact of Shari'a on non-Muslims
X.
The impact of Shari'a on freedom of expression
Self-censorship
XI.
The politicization of religion:reactions to the implementation of Shari'a
XII.
International reactions to Shari'a in Nigeria
XIII.
Shari'a and the Nigerian constitution
XIV.
The federal government's position on Shari'a
XV.
Failure to conform to international human rights standards103
The right to life104
The right to a fair hearing105
The right to be free from torture and cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment106
The right to equality before the law.. 108
The right to privacy109
XVI.
Conclusion109
XVII.
Acknowledgements111
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