In this report, Human Rights Watch documents the failure of the Malaysian government to offer protection and assistance to Acehnese refugees fleeing persecution and armed conflict in Aceh. Malaysia’s treatment of Acehnese in Malaysia falls far short of internationally accepted standards for treatment of refugees and asylum seekers. Statements by Malaysian officials suggest that the government fears that by granting protection to refugees it would open up a floodgate of asylum seekers to the country. Such fears do not justify the abuses of Acehnese in Malaysia that are detailed in this report, nor the Malaysian government’s policy of routinely expelling Acehnese, who face the possibility of summary execution, forced disappearance, torture, detention, or persecution upon return to Indonesia.