July 7, 2009

Selling Justice Short

Why Accountability Matters for Peace

I. Overview
II. State of the Law
A. The obligation in international law to prosecute serious international crimes
B. No amnesty for the most serious crimes
Part One: In the Heat of the Moment: Justice Issues during Peace Talks
III. Marginalization
A. Charles Taylor
B. Radovan Karadzic
C. Lord’s Resistance Army
IV. The Price of Inclusion
A. Afghanistan
B. Democratic Republic of Congo
1. Incorporating abusers in the transitional government
2. New armed groups want official appointments
3. Repeat offenders, contrasting fortunes – Laurent Nkunda and Bosco Ntaganda
C. Bosnia and Herzegovina
V. Explicit and Implicit Amnesties in Peace Agreements
A. Sierra Leone
B. Angola
1. The Bicesse Accords
2. The next war and the Lusaka Protocol
3. The final phase of conflict
C. Sudan
1. North-south conflict
2. Darfur
3. Naivasha peace talks
4. Ongoing impunity
Part Two: Long-Term Impact
VI. Renewed Cycles of Violence
A. Kenya
B. Rwanda
C. Burundi
VII. Strengthening the Rule of Law: Enhanced Domestic Criminal Enforcement
A. Ad hoc tribunals
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Serbia
3. Croatia
4. Rwanda
B. International Criminal Court
1. Uganda
2. Democratic Republic of Congo
3. Sudan
4. Central African Republic
5. Situations under analysis: Kenya and Colombia
C. Universal Jurisdiction
1. Chile
2. Argentina
VIII. Protection against Revisionism
A. International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
1. Milosevic trial
2. Srebrenica
IX. Deterrence
A. Afghanistan
B. Côte d’Ivoire
C. Democratic Republic of Congo
D. Central African Republic
Acknowledgments