Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
APRODH: Association for the Protection of Human Rights and Detained Persons (Association pour la Protection des Droits Humains et des Personnes Détenues), a Burundian human rights organization.
BINUB: United Nations Integrated Office in Burundi (Bureau Integré des Nations Unis au Burundi).
CNDD: National Council for the Defense of Democracy, a political party and former rebel movement founded in 1994, run by former rebel leader Leonard Nyangoma. The party’s official name is CNDD, but it is frequently referred to as CNDD-Nyangoma to distinguish it from the ruling party, CNDD-FDD, which split off from CNDD in 1998.
CNDD-FDD: National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy (Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie-Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie), a former rebel movement. The FDD (Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie) was initially the armed wing of the CNDD, above. A fission within the movement in 1988 resulted in the formation of CNDD-FDD as a breakoff faction of the original CNDD. CNDD-FDD joined the government in 2004 and was elected into power in 2005, with a majority of Parliament seats and former rebel leader Pierre Nkurunziza as President.
démobilisé: In its literal meaning, a former combatant, from either the former government army or a rebel group, who has gone through the process of demobilization and reintegrated into civilian life. In practice, the term is used in Burundi almost exclusively to refer to former rebels associated with CNDD-FDD.
FDD: Forces for the Defense of Democracy, the armed wing of CNDD-FDD during the rebellion.
FDN: National Defense Forces (Forces de la Défense Nationale), the governmental army, formed in 2004 to integrate members of the former, nearly monoethnic Tutsi army; the former gendarmerie; and the FDD rebels.
FNL: National Liberation Forces (Forces Nationales de Liberation). This term initially referred to the armed wing of the rebel movement Palipehutu-FNL. In January 2009, the Palipehutu-FNL changed its name to simply “FNL” In April 2009, it began disarmament and became a registered political party. See Palipehutu-FNL (below).
FRODEBU: Democratic Front in Burundi (Front pour la Démocratie au Burundi), a political party founded in 1992 as a predominantly Hutu party opposed to the Tutsi-dominated dictatorship of UPRONA.
JPH: Hutu Patriotic Youth (Jeunesse Patriotique Hutu), the civilian youth movement of the FNL. During the armed conflict, JPH members provided logistical support and carried out food and money collection for the FNL rebels.
JVMM: Joint Verification and Monitoring Mechanism, a mechanism established in September 2006 to carry through the implementation of the Comprehensive Ceasefire Agreement. It includes representatives from the Government of Burundi, Palipehutu-FNL, and key international stakeholders.
MSD: Movement for Solidarity and Democracy (Mouvement pour la Solidarité et la Démocratie), a political movement founded in December 2007 by Alexis Sinduhije. MSD has not yet been registered as a political party.
OHCHR: UN Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights.In Burundi, OHCHR has operated as part of the integrated BINUB mission since 2006.
ONUB: United Nations Operation in Burundi (Operation des Nations Unies au Burundi), a peacekeeping operation in Burundi from 2004 to 2006. The operation was replaced in late 2006 by BINUB, a civilian mission.
Palipehutu-FNL: Party for the Liberation of the Hutu People-National Liberation Forces (Parti pour la Libération du Peuple Hutu-Forces Nationales de Libération), a Hutu rebel movement founded in 1980. See FNL (above).
PNB: National Police of Burundi (Police Nationale du Burundi), established in December 2004 to integrate former police, former gendarmes, and former rebels into a new, unified police force.
Political parties and political movements: Political parties in Burundi must go through a registration process, obtaining approval from the Ministry of the Interior. In this report, “political parties” is used to describe parties that are officially registered. “Political movements” is used more inclusively to include official parties as well as groups such as FNL (prior to April 2009) and MSD, which had not been registered at the time of writing.
SNR : National Intelligence Service (Service Nationale du Renseignement), formerly known as the “Documentation Nationale” (National Documentation).
UPRONA: Union for National Progress (Union pour le Progrès National), a political party founded in 1958 and historically dominated by Tutsis.