Service for Life

Map of Eritrea

Summary

Methodology

Recommendations

To the government of Eritrea

To the United States and the European Union

To donors: the European Commission, the World Bank, and UN agencies

To the African Union

To countries hosting Eritrean refugees and asylum seekers, in particular Egypt, Sudan, Libya, Malta, Israel, Turkey, Italy, Sweden, and the UK

To the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

Part 1: Background

Historical Context

Eritrea’s Regional Role

The Humanitarian Situation

Part 2: Human Rights Violations

Overview

Arbitrary Arrest, Detentions, and “Disappearances”

Torture and Cruel, Inhuman, and Degrading Treatment

Prison Conditions

Extra-Judicial Killings and Deaths in Custody

Indefinite Forced Conscription

Forced Labor

Restrictions on the Freedoms of Expression, Conscience, and Movement

Part 3: The Experience of Eritrean Refugees

Lack of Protection and Forced Return of Refugees

Coercion of Eritreans in Exile

Part 4: Eritrea’s Legal Obligations

Eritrean Laws and Constitution

Eritrea’s International Obligations

Forced Labor

Part 5: Responding to Eritrea’s Crisis

Eritrean Foreign Policy

Acknowledgements

Annex: A List of Known Detention Facilities in Eritrea