IX. Recommendations

To the government of Yemen

·Treat the civilian population under its effective control, including displaced persons, in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, including the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.

· Facilitate rapid and unimpeded passage of impartial humanitarian relief for civilians in need.

· Regularly inform aid agencies which areas of Sa'da governorate and other war-affected governorates are under government or under Huthi control.

·Publicly declare and ensure that national and international aid agencies have full and unhindered access to civilian populations unless imperative military necessity requires temporary restrictions on their movements; when access is denied, provide aid agencies with written explanations.

·Facilitate, by all means possible, including clear instructions to all military checkpoints, aid agencies' unimpeded access to populations in need.

· End all broadly imposed restrictions on the freedom of movement of aid agencies, such as the requirement that aid agencies request permission for every trip taken out of the capital, or the prohibition on movement in rural areas.

·Allow national and international aid agencies to contact community leaders to make arrangements for safe and unhindered access to populations in need, including in Huthi-controlled areas.

·Because of the disproportionate harm to the civilian population and to humanitarian access, immediately and fully reinstate mobile phone network coverage in Sa'da governorate, except in temporary circumstances for reasons of imperative military necessity.

·End any practice of collective punishment of the civilian population and discipline or prosecute as appropriate those responsible for its use.

·Request that the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights send an exploratory mission to Yemen to help ensure that post-conflict reconstruction and reconciliation incorporates human rights concerns and a mechanism for accountability.

To the Huthis

·Treat the civilian population under their effective control, including displaced persons, in accordance with international humanitarian law and human rights principles, including the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.

· Facilitate rapid and unimpeded passage of impartial humanitarian relief for civilians in need.

·Publicly declare and ensure that national and international aid agencies have full and unhindered access to civilian populations unless imperative military necessity requires temporary restrictions on their movements; when access is denied, provide aid agencies with adequate explanations.

· End attacks on humanitarian personnel, vehicles and supplies, and take appropriate disciplinary action against Huthi members responsible for such attacks.

To the United Nations

·Publicly as well as privately urge the government and Huthis to treat the civilian population under their effective control, including displaced persons, in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, including the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.

·Engage with all parties to the conflict, including the government, pro-government tribes, and the Huthis, to ensure that they facilitate the full and unimpeded humanitarian access of all UN, national and international aid agencies to civilian populations in accordance with international law.

·Instruct the Resident Coordinator to pay a more active and vocal role concerning protection of IDPs and other civilians affected by conflict.

·Call upon the Yemeni government to provide written explanations when it denies access to aid agencies.

·Urge the Yemen government to request that the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights send an exploratory mission to Yemen to help ensure that post-conflict reconstruction and reconciliation incorporates human rights concerns and a mechanism for accountability.

To International Donors, including the European Union and its Member States, the Arab League and its Member States, and the United States

·Publicly and privately urge the government and Huthis to treat the civilian population under their effective control, including displaced persons, in accordance with international humanitarian and human rights law, including the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement.

·Take concerted action to press the government of Yemen to ensure that aid agencies have full and unimpeded humanitarian access to populations in need, in accordance with international law.

·Include in annual reviews of aid assistance to Yemen an assessment of the government's record on ensuring that humanitarian assistance reaches the war-affected population.

·Urge the Yemen government to request that the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights send an exploratory mission to Yemen to help ensure that post-conflict reconstruction and reconciliation incorporates human rights concerns and a mechanism for accountability.