POLITICAL FREEDOMS IN KAZAKHSTAN

SUMMARY..

RECOMMENDATIONS

BACKGROUND...

The 1999 Elections

"Kazakhgate"

The DVK..

ELECTIONS

December 2002 Parliamentary By-Elections

Prospects for Free and Fair Elections

PRESSURE ON POLITICAL PARTIES AND MOVEMENTS

The 2002 Law on Political Parties and Problems with Registration

Democratic Choice of Kazakhstan (DVK)

Alash Party of Kazakhstan

Yel Dana National Democratic Party

Compatriot Political Party

The Communist Party of Kazakhstan

POLITICAL PRISONERS

Galymzhan Zhakianov

Targeting a Political Rival

Arrest, Criminal Investigation and Trial

Torture

The Continuing Government Campaign against Zhakianov

Mukhtar Abliazov

Sergei Duvanov

HARASSMENT OF OPPOSITION LEADERS, MEMBERS AND SUPPORTERS

Criminal Prosecutions and Administrative Sanctions

DVK..

RNPK..

Professional Retaliation

Mukhtar Umbetov

Marat Januzakov

Marina Sabitova

Other Harassment and Intimidation and Interference with Party Activities

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS