Acknowledgments

Joe Stork, Washington director of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) division of Human Rights Watch, carried out the research for this report, with the participation and assistance of Ahmad Seif al-Islam, the director of the HishamMubarakLawCenter, and Aida Seif al-Dawla, a member of the NadimCenter and chair of the Egyptian Association against Torture. Joe Stork wrote the report. Sarah Leah Whitson, executive director of Human Rights Watch's MENA division, and Widney Brown, deputy program director, edited the report. Wilder Tayler, legal and policy director, and provided legal review. Mohamed Abdel Dayem and Tarek Radwan, associate with the Middle East division, provided translation assistance. Leila Hull, associate with the Middle East division, and Andrea Holley, manager of outreach and publications, prepared the report for publication.

Human Rights Watch would like to thank Basma `Abd al-Aziz, a volunteer with the NadimCenter for the Rehabilitation of Victims of Violence, and Maha Yusuf, an attorney with the HishamMubarakLawCenter, for their assistance in arranging and translating for meetings in Cairo. Hossam Bahgat director of the Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights, commented on an earlier draft of the report, and he and Gamal Eid, a defense lawyer, provided assistance in updating it.