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Condemned Communities
Forced Evictions in Jakarta
I.
Summary
Key
Recommendations
II.
Methods
III.
Background
A
Legacy of Evictions and Inadequate Access to Housing for the Poor
Infrastructure
Development and the Role of International Agencies
Governor
Sutiyoso's Campaign Against the Poor and Migrants
Public
Order Officials
Urban
Gangs Involved in Evictions
IV.
Insecure Land Tenure
V.
What is a "Forced Eviction"?
Legal
Standards
Notice
and Compensation Requirements in Indonesia
Justifications
for Evictions Offered by the Jakarta government
VI.
Violence and Excessive Use of Force
Excessive
Use of Force Against Residents
Destruction
and Loss of Personal Property
Government
Use of Urban Gangs
Violence
and Intimidation Against NGO Activists
VII.
Lack of Consultation
Failure
to Consult
Insufficient
Notice
Discriminatory
Impact of Notification Process on Women
VIII.
Inadequate Compensation
Coercion
and Lack of Consultation in the Compensation Process
No
Compensation
Low
Compensation
Compensation
Reduced by Government
Corruption
in the Compensation Process
Provision
of Inadequate Alternative Land
IX.
Consequences of Evictions
Effects
of Evictions on Women and Girls
Effects
of Evictions on Children
Effects
of Evictions on Migrants
Inadequate
Shelter Following Evictions
Cyclical
Nature of Evictions
X.
Detailed Recommendations101
To
the Jakarta Regional Government101
To
Both the Regional and National Governments104
To
the National Government of Indonesia104
To
International Donors106
To
the Japan Bank for International Cooperation106
To
Private Sector Developers, Construction Companies, Architectural Firms, and
Others Involved in Building Projects in Indonesia107
To
the United Nations107
Appendix
1: How to Submit an Objection to a JBIC Project108
Appendix
2: Links to Important Documents110
Acknowledgements111
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