Stephen Goose, director of Human Rights Watch's arms division and a general expert on arms, has been at the forefront of international efforts to address the humanitarian dangers of cluster munitions, helping to bring about the Cluster Treaty Ban agreed in Dublin in May 2008. Goose and Human Rights Watch were instrumental in bringing about the 1997 international treaty banning antipersonnel mines, the 1995 protocol banning blinding lasers, the 2003 protocol on explosive remnants of war, and the 2008 convention on cluster munitions. He and Human Rights Watch co-founded the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, which received the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize. Before joining Human Rights Watch in 1993, Goose was a staff member of the House Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations and a researcher at the Center for Defense Information. He has a master's degree in International Relations from the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies and a B.A. in History from Vanderbilt University.