The Resistance of the Monks

Map of Burma

I. Summary

Key Recommendations to the Government of Burma

Key Recommendations to Concerned States of the International Community

Methodology

II. Burma: A Long Tradition of Buddhist Activism

Buddhism in Independent Burma During the Parliamentary Period

Buddhism and the State After the 1962 Military Takeover

III. The Role of the Sangha in the 1988 Uprising and After the 1990 Election

The Mandalay Monks Uprising of 1990

Box: Monks Who Were Wounded on August 8, 1990, in Mandalay

IV. Aung San Suu Kyi and Buddhism..

V. The SPDC and Buddhism..

VI. The Reemergence of Buddhist Political Activism in Burma

VII. The September 2007 Crackdown

BOX: Chronology of Events, August-September 2007

VIII. Cyclone Nargis and Its Aftermath

IX. International Networks

Burmese Monks in Sri Lanka

X. Conclusion

XI. Recommendations

To the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC)

To the State Sangha Maha Nayaka Committee

To Key International Actors, including the United States, China, India, Japan, the European Union (and its member states), ASEAN (and its member states), and the United Nations (and its agencies)

Acknowledgments

Appendix I: Terminology and Abbreviations

Appendix II: Letter to the Penang Sayadaw U Bhaddantapannyavamsa from the Burmese Foreign Ministry, October 27, 2007

Appendix III: Statement by Sasana Moli, the International Burmese Monks Organization, May 2008