"So Much to Fear"
8. Dezember 2008

"So Much to Fear"

War Crimes and the Devastation of Somalia

Map of Somalia
Map of Mogadishu
Summary
Recommendations
To the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia
To the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia
To Al-Shabaab and other Insurgent groups
To the government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
To the government of the United States, the European Union and its member states, the European Commission, the African Union, and the Arab League
To the United Nations
Methodology
Background
The Current Situation
International Humanitarian Law and the Conflict in Somalia
Civilian Deaths and the Destruction of Mogadishu
Indiscriminate Mortar, Rocket, and Artillery Fire
Other Indiscriminate Attacks
Deadly Threats
An Unrelenting Onslaught
Human Rights Abuses by Transitional Federal Government Forces
Identifying the Perpetrators of TFG Abuses
Assault, Rape, and Killings by TFG Forces
Looting
Arbitrary Detention and Torture
Laws of War and Human Rights Violations by Ethiopian Military Forces
Indiscriminate Attacks
Assault, Rape, Killings, and Looting
Abuses by Insurgent Forces
Indiscriminate Attacks and Shielding
Forcible Recruitment and Use of Child Soldiers
Targeted Killings and Death Threats
Attacks on Humanitarian Workers and Civil Society Activists
Threats on All Sides
Impact of the Attacks
Abuses of Displaced People and Refugees
Abuses in the Afgooye Corridor
Violence along the Roads
Leaving Somalia
The Role of International Actors in Somalia
Ethiopia
Somalia's Other Regional Neighbors
African Union
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
United Nations Institutions
United States
European Commission
Appendix: Direct Donor Support to TFG Security Forces
Acknowledgments103