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Relevant international Standards
- Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials
- Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials
- United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for Non-custodial Measures (The Tokyo Rules)
- UN Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice ("The Beijing Rules")
- Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (Article 1(1) defines torture as "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity")
- International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), Article 7
Regional standards:
- European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Article 3 (see also Article 15(2), barring derogation from Article 3 even in the event of a public emergency threatening the life of the nation)
- European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (establishing the European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT))
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