THE
HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH
GLOBAL REPORT
ON
WOMEN'S HUMAN RIGHTS
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1. RAPE AS A WEAPON
OF WAR AND A TOOL OF POLITICAL REPRESSION
History of Impunity
The Role of Domestic
Law
International Protections
RAPE IN BOSNIA-HERCEGOVINA
Assault by Bosnian
Serb Forces
Assault by Bosnian
Croat, Bosnian Government, and Muslim Forces
RAPE IN HAITI
Women under the
Cédras Regime
Sexual Assault
Assault by Military Agents
Assault by Army Attachés
Assault by Zenglendos
Impunity and the
Non-Report of Rape
Failure to Investigate
Practical Obstacles
The Role of Discrimination and Stigma
U.S. Policy
The Asylum Process
INDIA: RAPE IN KASHMIR
Rape by Security
Forces: The Pattern of Impunity
Shopian
Haran
Gurihakhar
Rape by Militant
Groups
VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN IN PERU'S ARMED CONFLICT
A Pattern of Impunity
A Question of Honor
A Weapon of War
Emergency Legislation and the Military Code of Justice
Rape by the Security
Forces
Rape during Interrogation
Rape in the Emergency Zones
The Case of Raquel Martín Castillo de Mejía
Rape by the Shining
Path
Threats and Murder
of Women Leaders
Attacks on Survival
Organizations
Murder of María Elena Moyano
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
To Governments:
To the International
Community:
2. SEXUAL ASSAULT
OF REFUGEE AND DISPLACED WOMEN
The Responsibility
of Governments
The Responsibility
of the Relief Community
Refugee Asylum
Law
BURMESE REFUGEES
IN BANGLADESH
Rape by the Burmese
Military
Rape by Bangladeshi
Military and Paramilitary Forces in Refugee Camps in Bangladesh
Response of the
Bangladeshi Government and the UNHCR
SOMALI REFUGEES
IN KENYA
Rape in the Refugee
Camps in North Eastern Kenya
Rape by Shiftas
Multiple and Repeated Rapes
Rape by Kenyan
Police and Security Officials
The Stigma of Rape
Response of the
Kenyan Government and the UNHCR
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
To the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees:
To Host Governments:
3. ABUSES AGAINST
WOMEN IN CUSTODY
International Legal
Protections
Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment
Privacy
Due Process
POLICE ABUSE OF
WOMEN IN PAKISTAN
Discrimination
under the Hudood Ordinances
Police Abuse of
Women in Custody
Barriers to Justice
The Response of
the Pakistani Government
SEXUAL ABUSE OF
WOMEN PRISONERS IN THE UNITED STATES
The Custodial Environment
in U.S. State Prisons
Sexual Misconduct
and U.S. Law
Rape, Sexual Assault
and Criminal Sexual Contact
Abusive Body Searches
and Privacy Violations
The Response of
the State Governments
The Lack of Clear Prison Rules and Appropriate Criminal Law
Failure to Investigate
Punishment and Retaliation
The Need for Enhanced
Federal Oversight
SEXUAL ASSAULT
BY U.S. BORDER PATROL AGENTS
Cases of Sexual
Assault
Lack of Adequate
Mechanisms for Accountability
WOMEN DETAINED
IN EGYPT
Hostage-Taking
and Abuse of Female Detainees
The Response of
the Egyptian Government
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
To Governments:
To Donor Governments:
To the United
Nations:
4. TRAFFICKING
OF WOMEN AND GIRLS INTO FORCED PROSTITUTION AND COERCED MARRIAGE
International
Legal Protections
Trafficking and
Forced Prostitution
Slavery-like Practices
and Forced Labor
Torture
Failure to Ensure
Equal Protection and Nondiscrimination
International
Initiatives
BURMESE WOMEN AND
GIRLS TRAFFICKED TO THAILAND
The Socioeconomic
Context
Thai Legal Context
Trafficking in Women and Girls
Recruitment
The Brothel
The Role of the
Thai Government
Official Involvement
Failure to Enforce Laws
Discriminatory and Arbitrary Arrest of Trafficking Victims
Violations of Due Process
Prolonged Detention
Custodial Abuse
Summary Deportation
Forced Prostitution and HIV/AIDS
NEPALI WOMEN AND
GIRLS TRAFFICKED TO INDIA
Profiting from
Rape
The Women and Girls
T he Traffickers
Carpet Factories
Fraudulent Marriage Offers
Abductions
Official Complicity
Debt Bondage
Illegal Confinement
Applicable Indian and Nepali Law
Enforcement Problems
BANGLADESHI WOMEN
AND GIRLS TRAFFICKED TO PAKISTAN
The Women and
Girls
The Role of Law
Enforcement Agencies
The Response of
the Pakistani and Bangladeshi Governments
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
To Governments:
To the United
Nations:
To Donor Countries:
5. ABUSES AGAINST
WOMEN WORKERS
International
Legal Protections
ASIAN DOMESTIC
WORKERS IN KUWAIT
Origins of the
Problem
Patterns of Abuse
Exclusion from the Labor Law
Rape, Sexual and Physical Assault
Illegal Employment Practices
The Response of
the Kuwaiti Government
Abdication of Responsibility
Failure to Provide Due Process and Equal Protection
Refusal to Repatriate and Subsequent Deportation
DISCRIMINATION
AGAINST WOMEN WORKERS IN RUSSIA
Employment Discrimination
Legislative Restrictions on Women's Employment
Discriminatory Dismissals
Discriminatory Hiring
Discrimination in Retraining
Government Failure to Enforce Anti-Discrimination Laws
EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
IN POST-COMMUNIST POLAND
Legal Situation
De Facto Employment
Discrimination
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
To Governments:
To the International
Community:
6. DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
International
Legal Protections
VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN IN BRAZIL
The Role of the
Women's Movement
Domestic Violence
Wife-Murder
The Legal Context
The Honor Defense
The Response of the Courts
Privileged Homicide
Preferential Treatment of Offenders
Battery: The Legal
Context
The Response of the Police and the Courts
VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN IN RUSSIA
Domestic Violence
VIOLENCE AGAINST
WOMEN IN SOUTH AFRICA
The Magnitude
of the Problem
Limitations of
the Law and A Lack of Implementation
The Prevention of Family Violence Act
Police Ignorance of the Law
Unsympathetic or Hostile Police Attitudes
Judicial Impediments
Inadequate and Uncoordinated Government Services
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
To Governments:
To the United
Nations:
To Donor Governments:
7. REPRODUCTION,
SEXUALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS
International
Legal Protections
Human Rights
and Reproduction
Human Rights
and Sexuality
FORCED VIRGINITY
EXAMS IN TURKEY
Social Context
Legal Context
Abuse of Women
in Custody
Political Detainees
Police Duty and Prostitution Detainees
Abuse by Other
State Agencies
State Participation
in Family-Initiated Virginity Exams
The Roles of
the Turkish Government and Medical Profession
THE ABORTION DEBATE
AND VIOLATIONS OF CIVIL LIBERTIES IN IRELAND
Freedom of Expression
and Movement
The "X" Case
Abortion Information Bill
ABORTION POLICY
AND RESTRICTIONS ON WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN POST-COMMUNIST POLAND
Denial of Equal
Protection
Restrictions
on Freedom of Association
1993 Abortion
Law
GENERAL RECOMMENDATIONS
To Governments:
To the International
Community:
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